About pkpass files - the file format for Apple Wallet passes

pkpass is a file format specifically designed for use in Apple Wallet, Apple’s mobile application for managing digital passes, tickets, and cards. Introduced by Apple, the pkpass format is central to creating and distributing digital passes that deliver a seamless, secure, and user-friendly experience.
 

What is a pkpass File?

A pkpass file is - technically speaking - a zip file that contains a couple of other files that describe the structure of the pass an its content like images, colors, texts and more. The files included in a pkpass file can be the following - some are optional, others aren't.

  • pass.json: this is the file describing the overall structure of the Wallet pass. E.g. it defines what fields are visible to users, what layout (e.g. ticket, boarding pass, generic etc.) is used and more.
  • Images: Logos, icons, and branding to visually identify the pass.
  • Digital Signature: A cryptographic signature that ensures the file is authentic and has not been tampered with.
  • Manifest: a list of all files that are inside the pkpass file
  • Translations: it is possible to specify localized text and images for any pass. Apple Wallet will automatically pick the right version based on the device language that is used.

Apple Wallet interprets this file to generate a visually appealing and functional pass, which users can access on their iPhones or Apple Watches.
 

What Can PKPASS Files Be Used For?

PKPASS files are versatile, enabling businesses to provide various types of passes within the Apple Wallet app:

  • Boarding Passes: Airlines and transit companies use PKPASS files for check-ins and boarding.
  • Event Tickets: Concerts, sports, and theater tickets can be distributed as Wallet passes for ease of entry.
  • Loyalty Cards: PKPASS files support dynamic loyalty cards, updating points balances and rewards in real-time.
  • Coupons: Digital coupons delivered as PKPASS files allow users to redeem discounts at physical stores.
  • Generic: there is a generic layout that can be used if none of the other layouts fit. It is usually also used for Membership Cards.
     

How pkpass files work and their Security

When a user downloads a PKPASS file (via email, app, or website), the file is automatically added to Apple Wallet. When saving the pass, Apple Wallet automatically checks the signature of the file and verifies that the certificate, the signature was created with, is valid. This ensures authenticity and security, prevents tampering and guarantees that the pass originates from a trusted source.
If the pkpass file contains a so called webServiceUrl, it triggers the pass to register for updates with that URL. During registration your phone sends pseudonymized pieces of information that the pass issuer can then use to deliver updates via Apple's APNS (Apple Push Notification Service).
 

Distribution

pkpass files are distributed digitally via:

  • Links that are sent via E-Mail or SMS
  • Links that are encoded in QR codes, websites or printed materials
  • Direct downloads from apps or customer portals
     

Why pkpass files are important

pkpass files simplify how businesses deliver digital passes, ensuring a streamlined, secure, and user-friendly experience within Apple Wallet. Their ability to dynamically update, offer location-based features, and integrate seamlessly with iOS devices makes them indispensable for businesses looking to engage their Apple-using customers.

For Apple Wallet users, PKPASS files offer convenience, reliability, and a clutter-free way to manage passes, tickets, and cards—all securely stored and easily accessible in one place.

Passcreator offers you a SaaS platform that is built to create these passes for you without the knowledge of their inner-workings. It's a no-code editor for Wallet passes, that you can sign up for right away and try it for free.

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